Agricultural production and economic growth in nigeria. Acta universitatis agriculturae et silviculturae mendelianae brunensis, 656. Project topic on the causes and effects of ruralurban. The effect of urbanisation on housing conditions in namibia. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were employed to obtain a sample of 180 respondents, 90 households head each from rural and urban areas. Financing nigerias rural micro and smallscale enterprises. We intend to establish that the pattern of development of the rural areas was not meant to improve the lives of the rural dwellers. Rural areas villages occupy the remaining 90 percent. The rural extreme poor are different from the urban extreme poor and the nonpoor. Assessment of rural water supply management in selected. The thrust of this paper therefore is to examine the pattern of rural and community development in nigeria, especially in those areas which have the greatest impact on the lives of rural dwellers. State, nigeria abstract the study examined factors affecting household food security status among rural and urban farming households of benue state, nigeria.
Agriculture in nigeria is a branch of the economy in nigeria, providing employment for about 30% of the population as of 2010. In nigeria, where over 8o per cent of the population live and work in the rural areas, the emphasis of spatial planning has for a long time been on urban areas. Ethical issues in rural counselling practice janet a. The constraints to developing the rural areas as well as the problems of this critical sector have come to loom very large.
There are still inequality and poverty particularly in the rural areas. The background to the crisis in nigerias rural areas and the socioeconomic and political impacts of the crisis dates, at least, back to the colonial era. This was when colonialism exploited the resources of rural areas by thus increasing the levels of rural poverty and thus changing the entire structure of the rural economy. Rural development in subsaharan africa policy perspectives for agriculture, sustainable resource. Rural areas harbour 75 per cent of the poor, who are desperately seeking ways to improve their living conditions and income. The average annual growth rate for rural employment between 2010 and 2017 was 0. Census bureau, the usdas economic research service, and the office of management and budget omb have come together to help define rural areas. Rural development has therefore been expected to extend the benefits of development to all those seeking a livelihood in rural areas including smallholders, tenants and the landless. The challenges of agriculture and rural development in. This problem, which is primarily due to government non sustainable policy action towards rural transformation, is responsible for the poor state of affairs among rural dwellers in nigeria. The problem in the rural areas has to do with qualitative housing while the problem in the urban centre is quantitative in nature. This problem, which is primarily due to government non sustainable policy action towards rural transformation, is responsible for the. Development indicators for rural areas lag behind those for urban areas.
The paper is a critical examination of rural development programmes and the challenge of rural underdevelopment in nigeria. The nigerian health care has suffered several downfalls. Eligibility for assistance programs will depend on whether an individual is classified as living in a rural area. The micro and rural finance institutions rfis operating in the rural areas of nigeria are complex, given the wide variety of state, collective, and private decisionmaking groups that influence their operations and use their services.
The role of local government in rural development issues. Census output areas the smallest areas for which data are available from the 2001 and. While rural urban migration is the movement of people from rural areas villages to urban centres cities. Causes and consequences of ruralurban migration in nigeria.
A brief note on the condition of rural areas in nigeria a brief note on the condition of rural areas in nigeria on january 29, 2012 12. Nigeria has a large rural sector and relatively a small urban population utube, 2002. Lack of access to health workers in rural and remote areas. According to the world bank, in 1960 85% of nigerians lived in rural areas.
Rural areas are also known as the countryside or a village in india. For example, targeting of assistance programs for education, access to medical services, poverty alleviation, and broadband expansion depends on the status of these services in an area. Rural settlement in nigeria, which manifests the cultural. Housing problems abound in nigeria both in rural areas and urban centres. Assessment of rural water supply management in selected rural. Home columns sunday perspectives a brief note on the condition of rural areas in nigeria a brief note on the condition of rural areas in nigeria on january 29, 2012 12. One noticeable aspect in the society today is the rate at which people migrate from the rural to the urban centres. In this post, we identify the major causes and consequences of the movement of people from rural to urban areas. Mar 03, 2016 generally, rural areas in nigeria are incessantly neglected by the government when it comes to development of any form, educational development inclusive. The challenges of agriculture and rural development in africa. On the ruralurban divide in nigeria the guardian nigeria.
Patterns and problems of domestic water supply to rural. The classification defines areas as rural if they fall outside of settlements with more than 10,000 resident population. Poverty in nigeria is concentrated in rural areas, which are home to more than 70% of the nations poor. Rural development is concerned with the improvement and transformation of social, mental, economic, institutional and environmental conditions of the low income rural dwellers through the 3 the role of local government in rural development issues jide ibietan. The majority of the poor in south africa are found in the rural areas. There is evidence of ruralurban migration and overall, the population in urban areas in. Jan 16, 2017 the rural urban divide is a challenge in nigeria as it is in countries across the world. The study is on the reflections of rural development in nigeria. Rural areas are large and isolated areas of an open country with low population density. The study revealed that rural areas can go a long way to advance the nigerian economy if properly taken care of but if the current underuse of. Generally, rural areas in nigeria are incessantly neglected by the government when it comes to development of any form, educational development inclusive. Problem and prospect of rural development in nigeria. A case study of egor local government area of edo state includes abstract and chapter one, complete project material available the causes and effects of ruralurban migration.
In rural areas, agriculture is the chief source of livelihood along with fishing, cottage industries, pottery etc. A case study of egor local government area of edo stateabstractruralurban migration. Housing problems in the rural areas are connected with qualitative deficiencies like place, degree of goodness and the value of the house. The sector is being transformed by commercialization at the small, medium and largescale enterprise levels. Rural development in nigeria constitutes a fundamental problem. A 2010 report on ifads agricultural development and poverty reduction services in nigeria, noted that out of 79. Defining rural areas wherever possible, the ruralurban classification is used to distinguish rural and urban areas. The study revealed that rural areas can go a long way to advance the nigerian economy if properly taken care of but if the current underuse of rural resources continues, the economy could be derailed. This movement in human capital resources is not without consequences where it is the able bodied men and women that move, it deprived the rural areas of substantial manpower need on the farm, retards agriculture and.
The quest to discover the real rural india still continues in great earnest. Supporting main driving forces for economic growth and social development in rural areas e. Since rural developments basic intention is to reduce poverty and to strengthen human wellbeing in rural areas, it must clearly be. The development space between urban and rural areas in nigeria is very broad in terms of the provision of economic development. Most of the extreme poor about 80 percent live in rural areas castaneda, et al. Rural areas are regarded as abodes of diseases, superstition, poverty, lethargy, low income and low productivity. It is advisable to point out that from the findings of the study, the best solution to tackling nigerias rural poverty. Introduction one of the main issues in development debates is how to tackle rural poverty. These developmental problems are believed to be challenges affecting the process of. Rural development is the integrated approach to food production as well as physical, social and institutional infrastructural provisions with an ultimate goal of bringing about both.
Policies promoting rural development, establishing microenterprises, developing microfinance, and improving road infrastructure, are expected to decrease ruralurban migration by improving the standard of living of people living in the rural areas. Over the years, rural development has been neglected. It emphasizes the need for a paradigm shift in the development of rural areas in nigeria. This has become necessary in view of the critical role housing plays in the life of an individual and society at large. The usage of inorganic fertilizers was promoted by nigerian government in the 1970s. Causes and consequences of migration in nigeria research. Many of these displaced people are more likely to migrate to the urban. For over four decades in nigeria, all attempts to put the rural. Another determining factor of vulnerability to poverty is food poverty, which is sometimes considered the root of all poverty. It is also noted that the rural areas inhabit majority of the poor and marginalized in the country. While the urban centres are increasing in population, the rural areas are decreasing in population. Rural farmers and their net income in ojo and badagry local government areas of lagos state, nigeria. The phc aims at providing people of the world with the basic health services. This publication contains four articles that were presented at luncheon meeting.
However, average rural employment in 2017 was still 2. Health facilities health centers, personnel, and medical equipments are inadequate in this country, especially in rural areas. Agriculture remains the primary source of livelihood for the rural dwellers in. Rural development in general is used to denote the actions and initiatives taken to improve the standard of living in nonurban neighborhoods, countryside, and remote villages. In the attempt to do this, clarification of concepts like development, rural areas, and rural development was carried out, which formed the theoretical basis of the. Though phc centers were established in both rural and urban areas in nigeria with the intention of. Defining rural areas wherever possible, the rural urban classification is used to distinguish rural and urban areas. According to the world bank, in 1960 85% of nigerians lived in.
A brief note on the condition of rural areas in nigeria. Many of the affected areas are rural and many of the displaced are residents of rural areas. Following a near zero change between 2015 and 2016, rural areas added about 41,500 wage and salary jobs in 2017 0. About one half of the worlds population lives in rural and remote areas, but this half is served by only one quarter of the worlds doctors and by less than one third of the worlds nurses. Our findings revealed that migrants move to urban centers in search of employment and to utilize urban services and education. The intri cate web of professionalpersonal roles p. The determinants of rural poverty in nigeria nsikakabasi a. Impact of environmental degradation on agricultural. Unfortunately, this is yet to be achieved in nigeria and seems to be unrealistic in the next decade. Crude oil, limestone, coal among other resources possessed by the country are hugely deposited in rural areas.
The rural areas generally exhibit great poverty, decayed infrastructure, poor health conditions, low access to social facilities and ignorance as a result of varying degrees geographical and political isolation obeta, 2009. Figure 1 depicts evidence of internal migration in namibia. Despite the fact that rural dwellers in nigeria are usually not recognized on government development activities, the nations wealth is derived from rural areas across the country. Nigerias neonatal mortality rate nmr is 34 deaths per 1,000 live births. Implication for planning and lowincome housing delivery in lagos, nigeria implications for lowincome housing in lagos, nigeria. Despite the strategies adopted by various governments in nigeria to address agriculture and rural underdevelopment problem, the story remains the same.
Assessing the level of rural infrastructure in nigeria. The likeliness of poverty in rural areas of nigeria is higher with those of household characteristics such as the number of people living in a household, education level, and production. However, the establishment of local government in nigeria arises from the need to facilitate rural development through infrastructure development and delivery. Rural development is viewed as that development that is beneficial to the rural populations, according to olayide et al. The ruralurban divide is a challenge in nigeria as it is in countries across the world. In nigeria, the philosophy of people s participation in rural community development is increasingly gaining acceptance as an important instrument for mobilising resources and organising the. Agriculture remains the primary source of livelihood for the rural dwellers in nigeria.
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